The Closing of the American Mind by Allan Bloom

Last updated: Sep 23, 2023

Summary of The Closing of the American Mind by Allan Bloom

The Closing of the American Mind is a book written by Allan Bloom, published in 1987. It explores the decline of American education and the impact it has on society and individuals. Bloom argues that the American mind is closing, becoming increasingly narrow and lacking in intellectual curiosity.

Bloom begins by discussing the state of higher education in America, criticizing the emphasis on relativism and the rejection of absolute truth. He believes that this leads to a lack of intellectual rigor and a decline in the pursuit of knowledge. Bloom argues that students are no longer being exposed to the great works of literature, philosophy, and art that have shaped Western civilization.

He further examines the influence of popular culture on education, particularly the impact of rock music and television. Bloom argues that these forms of entertainment promote a shallow and superficial way of thinking, distracting students from serious intellectual pursuits. He also criticizes the rise of multiculturalism, arguing that it undermines the study of Western civilization and fails to provide a coherent framework for understanding different cultures.

Bloom then turns his attention to the moral and political implications of the closing of the American mind. He argues that the decline of education leads to a loss of moral values and a lack of understanding of the principles that underpin democracy. Bloom believes that without a solid foundation in the humanities, individuals are unable to critically evaluate the ideas and ideologies that shape society.

In the final chapters of the book, Bloom offers some suggestions for how to address the closing of the American mind. He advocates for a return to a more traditional liberal arts education, emphasizing the study of the great books and the cultivation of intellectual curiosity. Bloom also calls for a renewed focus on moral education, arguing that without a strong moral foundation, individuals are susceptible to manipulation and demagoguery.

In conclusion, The Closing of the American Mind is a critique of the state of American education and its impact on society. Bloom argues that the decline of intellectual curiosity and the rejection of absolute truth have led to a narrowing of the American mind. He calls for a return to a more rigorous and comprehensive education that emphasizes the study of the humanities and the cultivation of moral values.

1. The Decline of Liberal Education

In "The Closing of the American Mind," Allan Bloom argues that there has been a decline in liberal education in America. He believes that the focus on specialization and vocational training has led to a neglect of the humanities and a lack of intellectual curiosity. Bloom suggests that a liberal education, which includes a broad range of subjects and encourages critical thinking, is essential for developing well-rounded individuals who can engage in meaningful dialogue and contribute to society.

Bloom's insight is actionable in that it encourages individuals to seek out a diverse education that goes beyond their specific field of study. By embracing a liberal education, individuals can develop a broader perspective, enhance their critical thinking skills, and become more engaged citizens.

2. The Influence of Relativism

Bloom explores the influence of relativism on American society, arguing that it has led to a loss of moral and intellectual standards. He suggests that the belief that all values are equal has resulted in a lack of objective truth and a decline in the pursuit of excellence. Bloom contends that relativism has contributed to a culture of apathy and indifference, where individuals are unwilling to make moral judgments or engage in intellectual debate.

This insight is profound because it challenges the prevailing notion that all opinions are equally valid. It encourages individuals to critically evaluate their beliefs and engage in meaningful discussions about moral and intellectual issues. By recognizing the dangers of relativism, individuals can strive for intellectual and moral excellence, contributing to a more vibrant and engaged society.

3. The Role of the University

Bloom discusses the role of the university in shaping the minds of young students. He argues that universities should prioritize the pursuit of truth and the development of critical thinking skills. However, he observes that many universities have become politically biased and focused on indoctrination rather than education. Bloom suggests that universities should provide a space for open dialogue and intellectual exploration, where students are exposed to a variety of perspectives.

This insight is original to general knowledge because it challenges the prevailing notion that universities should prioritize political activism over intellectual inquiry. It encourages individuals to critically evaluate the role of universities in society and advocate for an education system that fosters intellectual growth and open-mindedness.

4. The Impact of Popular Culture

Bloom examines the impact of popular culture on the minds of young people. He argues that the prevalence of television, music, and movies has led to a decline in intellectual pursuits and a focus on instant gratification. Bloom suggests that popular culture promotes a shallow and superficial view of the world, discouraging individuals from engaging in deep thinking and meaningful conversations.

This insight is actionable because it encourages individuals to critically evaluate their consumption of popular culture and seek out more intellectually stimulating activities. By recognizing the influence of popular culture, individuals can make conscious choices to engage in activities that promote intellectual growth and critical thinking.

5. The Importance of Great Books

Bloom emphasizes the importance of reading great books as a means of intellectual and moral development. He argues that great books provide individuals with access to the wisdom and knowledge of the past, allowing them to engage in a dialogue with the greatest minds in history. Bloom suggests that reading great books can cultivate a love for learning, enhance critical thinking skills, and foster a deeper understanding of the human condition.

This insight is profound because it highlights the transformative power of literature. It encourages individuals to prioritize reading and engage with the timeless ideas and perspectives found in great books. By embracing the importance of great books, individuals can expand their intellectual horizons and gain a deeper appreciation for the complexities of the world.

6. The Dangers of Ideological Conformity

Bloom warns against the dangers of ideological conformity, arguing that it stifles intellectual growth and inhibits the pursuit of truth. He suggests that individuals should be willing to challenge prevailing ideologies and engage in open and honest dialogue. Bloom contends that ideological conformity leads to intellectual stagnation and a lack of critical thinking.

This insight is original to general knowledge because it challenges the prevailing notion that conformity is desirable. It encourages individuals to critically evaluate their own beliefs and engage in respectful debates with those who hold different perspectives. By recognizing the dangers of ideological conformity, individuals can foster a more intellectually diverse and vibrant society.

7. The Crisis of Democracy

Bloom discusses the crisis of democracy, arguing that it stems from a lack of civic education and a decline in intellectual engagement. He suggests that democracy requires an informed and engaged citizenry, capable of critical thinking and moral judgment. Bloom contends that without a strong foundation in liberal education, democracy is at risk of becoming a mere popularity contest.

This insight is actionable because it highlights the importance of civic education and intellectual engagement in maintaining a healthy democracy. It encourages individuals to actively participate in the democratic process, seek out diverse perspectives, and critically evaluate political issues. By recognizing the crisis of democracy, individuals can work towards creating a more informed and engaged society.

8. The Need for Intellectual Courage

Bloom emphasizes the need for intellectual courage in the pursuit of truth and knowledge. He argues that individuals should be willing to challenge prevailing beliefs, engage in rigorous intellectual inquiry, and confront uncomfortable truths. Bloom suggests that intellectual courage is essential for personal growth and the advancement of society.

This insight is profound because it encourages individuals to overcome fear and complacency in their intellectual pursuits. It encourages individuals to question assumptions, challenge prevailing beliefs, and engage in meaningful dialogue. By embracing intellectual courage, individuals can contribute to the advancement of knowledge and the betterment of society.