The Moral Arc by Michael Shermer

Last updated: Sep 24, 2023

Summary of The Moral Arc by Michael Shermer

The Moral Arc by Michael Shermer is a comprehensive exploration of the history and progress of moral values and ethics throughout human civilization. Shermer argues that there is a moral arc to the universe, bending towards justice and progress, and he supports this claim with a wide range of evidence from various disciplines.

Shermer begins by discussing the origins of morality, suggesting that it is rooted in our evolutionary history as social animals. He explores the role of empathy, reciprocity, and cooperation in the development of moral values, highlighting the importance of these traits in fostering social cohesion and survival.

Throughout the book, Shermer delves into the history of moral progress, examining key moments and movements that have shaped our understanding of ethics. He discusses the contributions of ancient philosophers such as Plato and Aristotle, as well as the influence of religious and cultural beliefs on moral systems.

Shermer also explores the role of science and reason in moral progress. He argues that as our knowledge and understanding of the world have expanded, so too have our moral values. He discusses the Enlightenment period and the rise of secular humanism, which emphasized reason, evidence, and individual rights as the foundation of moral decision-making.

The book also addresses various moral challenges and controversies, such as slavery, women's rights, and the treatment of animals. Shermer examines how these issues have been addressed throughout history and how moral progress has been made in these areas.

Shermer concludes by discussing the future of moral progress and the challenges that lie ahead. He emphasizes the importance of continued scientific inquiry, critical thinking, and open dialogue in shaping a more just and ethical society.

In summary, The Moral Arc by Michael Shermer provides a comprehensive and compelling argument for the existence of a moral arc in human history, bending towards justice and progress. Shermer explores the origins of morality, the role of empathy and reason, and the impact of various historical movements on moral values. He also addresses contemporary moral challenges and emphasizes the importance of continued scientific inquiry and critical thinking in shaping a more ethical society.

1. The Moral Arc: The Progression of Moral Values

In "The Moral Arc," Michael Shermer argues that moral progress is not a random occurrence but rather a result of the expansion of reason and science. He explains how our moral values have evolved over time, from the acceptance of slavery and discrimination to the recognition of human rights and equality. Shermer emphasizes that this progression is not linear, but rather a gradual bending towards justice and fairness.

This insight is actionable because it encourages us to actively participate in the moral arc's progression. By promoting reason and science, we can contribute to the expansion of moral values. This can be done through education, critical thinking, and advocating for policies that promote equality and justice. Understanding the historical context of moral progress also helps us appreciate the importance of continuing to fight for a more just and inclusive society.

2. The Role of Empathy in Moral Progress

Shermer highlights the crucial role of empathy in driving moral progress. He argues that as our capacity for empathy expands, so does our moral circle, encompassing more individuals and groups. This expansion of empathy leads to increased compassion and a greater understanding of the suffering of others.

This insight is profound because it reminds us of the importance of cultivating empathy in ourselves and society. By actively practicing empathy, we can foster moral progress and create a more compassionate world. This can be done through acts of kindness, listening to others' experiences, and seeking to understand different perspectives. Recognizing the power of empathy also encourages us to challenge biases and prejudices that hinder moral progress.

3. The Power of Reason and Science in Moral Decision-Making

Shermer argues that reason and science play a crucial role in guiding moral decision-making. He emphasizes the importance of evidence-based reasoning and critical thinking in evaluating moral claims. By relying on reason and science, we can overcome biases and make more informed and ethical choices.

This insight is original to general knowledge because it challenges the notion that morality is solely based on subjective beliefs or religious doctrines. It encourages individuals to critically examine their moral beliefs and consider the evidence and logical reasoning behind them. By embracing reason and science, we can make moral decisions that are grounded in objective facts and promote the well-being of all individuals.

4. The Connection Between Moral Progress and Human Flourishing

Shermer explores the link between moral progress and human flourishing, arguing that societies that prioritize equality, justice, and individual rights tend to experience greater overall well-being. He presents evidence showing that as societies become more morally progressive, indicators of human flourishing, such as life expectancy, education, and economic prosperity, improve.

This insight is actionable because it highlights the benefits of promoting moral progress in our communities. By advocating for policies that prioritize equality and justice, we can contribute to the overall well-being of individuals and society as a whole. This understanding also challenges the notion that moral progress is solely a matter of personal preference, emphasizing its tangible impact on human flourishing.

5. The Role of Institutions in Promoting Moral Progress

Shermer emphasizes the role of institutions, such as governments, legal systems, and educational institutions, in promoting moral progress. He argues that these institutions play a crucial role in shaping societal values and norms, and their policies and practices can either hinder or facilitate moral progress.

This insight is profound because it highlights the importance of holding institutions accountable for promoting moral values. By actively participating in the political process, advocating for just policies, and supporting institutions that prioritize equality and justice, we can contribute to moral progress. Recognizing the influence of institutions also encourages us to critically evaluate their practices and push for necessary reforms.

6. The Importance of Skepticism in Moral Discourse

Shermer emphasizes the importance of skepticism in moral discourse, encouraging individuals to critically evaluate moral claims and consider alternative perspectives. He argues that skepticism helps us avoid dogmatism and promotes open-mindedness, leading to more nuanced and informed moral discussions.

This insight is actionable because it encourages us to approach moral discussions with a skeptical mindset. By questioning our own beliefs and being open to different viewpoints, we can engage in more productive and respectful conversations. This skepticism also helps us avoid moral absolutism and recognize the complexity of ethical issues, leading to more thoughtful and well-rounded moral decision-making.

7. The Role of Moral Progress in Overcoming Tribalism

Shermer argues that moral progress plays a crucial role in overcoming tribalism and fostering a sense of global community. He explains how expanding moral values to include all individuals, regardless of their group affiliations, helps break down barriers and promote cooperation and understanding.

This insight is original to general knowledge because it highlights the connection between moral progress and overcoming tribalistic tendencies. By recognizing the shared humanity of all individuals and promoting inclusive moral values, we can work towards a more united and harmonious world. This understanding also challenges the divisive narratives that perpetuate tribalism and encourages us to actively promote empathy and understanding across different groups.

8. The Importance of Moral Progress in Addressing Global Challenges

Shermer argues that moral progress is essential in addressing global challenges such as poverty, climate change, and human rights violations. He explains how moral progress leads to increased cooperation, empathy, and a sense of global responsibility, which are crucial in tackling these complex issues.

This insight is actionable because it highlights the urgency of promoting moral progress in addressing global challenges. By recognizing the interconnectedness of these issues and advocating for policies that prioritize justice and sustainability, we can contribute to their resolution. This understanding also emphasizes the need for international cooperation and collective action in addressing global problems, transcending national boundaries and promoting a shared moral responsibility.