The Yellow Wallpaper by Charlotte Perkins Gilman

Last updated: Sep 7, 2023

Summary of The Yellow Wallpaper by Charlotte Perkins Gilman

The Yellow Wallpaper is a short story written by Charlotte Perkins Gilman in 1892. The story is narrated by an unnamed woman who is suffering from postpartum depression and is prescribed a "rest cure" by her physician husband, John. The couple moves to a secluded country house for the summer, where the woman is confined to a room with yellow wallpaper.

As the days go by, the woman becomes increasingly obsessed with the wallpaper, which she finds repulsive and disturbing. She begins to see a woman trapped behind the pattern, trying to escape. The woman becomes convinced that the wallpaper holds a secret and that she must decipher its meaning.

As her mental state deteriorates, the woman starts to identify with the woman in the wallpaper, feeling trapped and oppressed. She becomes more and more detached from reality, losing touch with her own identity. She starts to believe that she is the woman in the wallpaper and that she must free herself.

Despite her worsening condition, the woman's concerns are dismissed by her husband and brother, who believe that she is simply being irrational. They continue to treat her as if she is a child, denying her agency and autonomy.

In the final scene, the woman locks herself in the room, tearing off the wallpaper in an attempt to free the woman behind it. When her husband finally breaks down the door, he finds her crawling on all fours, declaring that she has finally freed the woman from the wallpaper.

The Yellow Wallpaper is a powerful critique of the medical and societal treatment of women during the 19th century. It explores themes of confinement, oppression, and the loss of identity. The story serves as a chilling reminder of the consequences of denying women their autonomy and agency.

1. The Dangers of Repression and Isolation

In "The Yellow Wallpaper," the protagonist is confined to a room and isolated from the outside world. This isolation leads to her descent into madness. The story serves as a cautionary tale about the dangers of repressing one's emotions and isolating oneself from society. It highlights the importance of human connection and the detrimental effects of suppressing one's true self.

This insight is actionable in that it reminds us to prioritize our mental health and seek support when needed. It encourages us to express our emotions and not bottle them up. It also emphasizes the importance of maintaining social connections and not isolating ourselves from others.

2. The Subjugation of Women

"The Yellow Wallpaper" is often interpreted as a critique of the patriarchal society that oppressed women during the time it was written. The protagonist's husband, John, represents the male-dominated society that restricts women's autonomy and stifles their creativity. The story sheds light on the oppressive gender roles and expectations placed on women, which can lead to their mental and emotional deterioration.

This insight prompts us to reflect on the progress that has been made in terms of gender equality and to continue advocating for women's rights. It encourages us to challenge societal norms and expectations that limit women's potential. It also reminds us to support and uplift women in their pursuit of self-expression and empowerment.

3. The Power of Self-Expression

Throughout "The Yellow Wallpaper," the protagonist's descent into madness is closely tied to her inability to express herself. She is forbidden from writing or engaging in any creative activities, which leads to her obsession with the yellow wallpaper in her room. This obsession becomes a form of self-expression and a way for her to assert her identity.

This insight highlights the importance of self-expression as a means of maintaining mental well-being. It encourages us to find healthy outlets for our emotions and creativity. It also reminds us of the therapeutic benefits of engaging in activities that allow us to express ourselves authentically.

4. The Destructive Nature of Gaslighting

In "The Yellow Wallpaper," the protagonist's husband dismisses her concerns and belittles her experiences, gaslighting her into believing that her mental state is solely her own fault. This gaslighting exacerbates her descent into madness and further isolates her from reality.

This insight raises awareness about the destructive nature of gaslighting and the importance of validating others' experiences. It reminds us to trust our own perceptions and not let others manipulate or invalidate our emotions. It also encourages us to be mindful of our own behavior and avoid gaslighting others.

5. The Impact of Environmental Factors on Mental Health

The setting of "The Yellow Wallpaper," with its oppressive and deteriorating wallpaper, plays a significant role in the protagonist's mental deterioration. The story highlights the impact that environmental factors can have on one's mental health.

This insight reminds us to create environments that are conducive to our mental well-being. It encourages us to pay attention to our surroundings and make changes when necessary. It also emphasizes the importance of creating spaces that promote relaxation, creativity, and overall mental wellness.

6. The Importance of Autonomy and Self-Identity

"The Yellow Wallpaper" explores the protagonist's struggle to maintain her autonomy and sense of self in the face of societal expectations and restrictions. It highlights the importance of asserting one's individuality and resisting the pressures to conform.

This insight encourages us to prioritize our own needs and desires, even in the face of societal pressures. It reminds us to stay true to ourselves and not compromise our identity for the sake of fitting in. It also prompts us to question societal norms and expectations that may limit our autonomy and self-expression.

7. The Stigma Surrounding Mental Illness

This insight reminds us of the importance of destigmatizing mental illness and promoting understanding and empathy. It encourages us to support and validate those who are struggling with their mental health. It also prompts us to educate ourselves and others about mental illness to foster a more compassionate society.

8. The Power of Narrative and Storytelling

"The Yellow Wallpaper" is a powerful example of the impact that storytelling can have on our understanding of mental health and societal issues. The story serves as a vehicle for raising awareness and sparking conversations about repression, gender roles, and mental illness.

This insight highlights the power of narrative and storytelling in creating social change. It encourages us to use storytelling as a means of sharing our own experiences and perspectives. It also reminds us of the importance of listening to and amplifying marginalized voices to foster a more inclusive and empathetic society.